Given an integer array A of size N.
You need to find the value obtained by XOR-ing the contiguous subarrays, followed by XOR-ing the values thus obtained. Determine and return this value.
For example, if A = [3, 4, 5] :
Subarray Operation Result
3 None 3
4 None 4
5 None 5
3,4 3 XOR 4 7
4,5 4 XOR 5 1
3,4,5 3 XOR 4 XOR 5 2
Now we take the resultant values and XOR them together:
3 ⊕ 4 ⊕ 5 ⊕ 7 ⊕ 1⊕ 2 = 6 we will return 6.
Problem Constraints
1 <= N <= 105
1 <= A[i] <= 108
Input Format
First and only argument is an integer array A.
Output Format
Return a single integer denoting the value as described above.
Example Input
Input 1:
A = [1, 2, 3]
Input 2:
A = [4, 5, 7, 5]
Example Output